The comparison with the experimental results gave a fair degree of accuracy.Įleni Berdermann, in Comprehensive Hard Materials, 2014 3.17.6.4.2 Beam Diagnostics Detectors for High-Intensity Synchrotron White Beams In another paper, Mamalis and his group modeled the progressive extensible collapse of frusta and gave a theoretical model that depicts the changes in peaks and troughs of the experimental load-displacement curves. Mamalis and associates refined the work of Postlethwaite and Mills in using the extensible collapse analysis for predicting the mean crushing load, and fair agreement with the experimental results were reported. They concluded that the deformation modes of frusta could be classified as a) concertina, b) concertina-diamond, and c) diamond. extended their experimental study to include mild steel at elevated strain rates. They proposed empirical relationships for both the concertina and the diamond modes of deformation. investigated experimentally the crumbling of aluminum frusta when subjected to axial compression load under quasi-static conditions. In their study of axial crushing of conical shells they used Alexander's extensible collapse analysis to predict the mean crushing force for the concertina mode of deformation for frusta made of mild steel. Postlethwaite and Mills first studied the frustum in this context in 1970. Literature on the utilization of frusta for dissipation of energy is meager. 2.1 Thin-Walled Frustaįrusta are truncated circular cones, see Fig. This is due to the fact that all wall material in a tube can be made to participate in the absorption of energy by plastic work in axial loading. In comparing lateral with axial compression, the axial buckling mode has a specific energy absorbing capacity, which is approximately ten times that of the same tube when compressed laterally between flat plates. Furthermore, circular tubes have comparatively high energy absorbing capacities, and stroke length per unit mass. This is because the circular tube provides a reasonably constant operating force. In fact circular tubes under axial compression are reported to be the most prevalent components in energy absorber systems. The behavior of thin tubes (large diameter D/ thickness t), with circular and square cross sections, when subjected to axial loads, has been of particular interest since the pioneering works of Alexander. The collapsing of such components by splitting or by inversion is also reported. Thin-walled absorbers having symmetrical cross sections may collapse in concertina or diamond mode when subjected to axial loads. They described the load-deformation characteristics of a number of these elements. Johnson and Reid identified the dominant modes of deformation in simple structural elements in the form of circular and hexagonal cross-section tubes when these elements were subjected to various forms of quasi-static loading. Investigations often lead to accounting for geometrical changes, interactions between modes of collapse, as well as strain hardening and strain rate effects. The study of deformation of tubular energy absorbers in general falls into two main categories, lateral, and axial loading. Alghamdi, in Current Advances in Mechanical Design and Production VII, 2000 2 AXIAL LOADING OF TUBULAR COMPONENTS Finite element modelling on the crushing of foam-filled aluminium tubes can precisely capture the deformation mechanisms of such tubes and can give results with good agreement, compared with experimental results.Ī.A.N. The deformation mode can be changed from diamond mode (hollow tube) or ring mode (foam-filled tube) to the Euler mode when the length increases. Among geometric parameters, the structural length L is the key parameter which has a significant influence on the compressive behaviour of foam-filled tubes. Different deformation modes, such as ring mode, diamond mode, Euler mode and mixed mode have been identified for such structural members to show their deformation and failure mechanisms.īased on the results obtained in the current study, the existence of the foam filler can significantly affect the deformation mode of the tubes. The compressive behaviour of hollow tube, foam filler and foam-filled tubes subjected to uniaxial compressions have been studied experimentally and numerically in this research. Hodgson, in Recent Advances in Structural Integrity Analysis - Proceedings of the International Congress (APCF/SIF-2014), 2014 4 CONCLUDING REMARKS
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